Robert Pape modeled a hypothetical bombing campaign of Iran versus the United States for 20 years in his classes.

Robert Pape predicts that taking out the generating hulls of Iran's electric power plants would stop power generation for 6-18 months, leading to widespread deaths from lack of dialysis, heart surgeries, and food refrigeration.

In late 2025, the US conducted Operation Midnight Hammer, bombing Iranian sites with B2s and MOABs, exactly as modeled in Robert Pape's classes three weeks prior.

Robert Pape has been a professor at the University of Chicago for almost 27 years and previously taught for the US Air Force.